Prejudice in Esperanza Rising by Pam Munoz Ryan :: essays research papers

Esperanza Rising Esperanza Rising, by Pam Munoz Ryan is a novel about prejudice. Prejudice is when a superior being looks down on colored, sex, lower classes or different races of people. There were many obstacles in this novel that dealt with racism and mistreatment with Mexicans. Mexican immigrants in the 1930's suffered greatly because of the prejudice in the hearts and minds of the farm owners, lawmakers, and the American people. Business owners were prejudice against Mexican migrant workers. Miguel was very capable of working as a mechanic at the train stations, but ?they will only hire Mexicans to lay tracks and dig ditches, not as mechanics.?(120) Prejudice was also shown when the farm owners said, ?The Mexicans can only swim on Friday afternoons, before they clean the pool on Saturday mornings.?(218) Business owners were very unfair and prejudice to the Mexicans, they treated them like lower class citizens. The laws and government didn?t treat the Mexicans as Americans. Some of the Mexicans that were citizens were protesting for better pay, but immigration officials came to the fields to send them back to Mexico. ?! Americana! ! Americana!? ?yelled one woman and she began to unfold some papers.?(206) The guard ripped the papers up, he didn?t even give her a chance because she was causing problems for the government. Prejudice was shown in the laws in Mexico against women. ?As you know, it is not customary to leave land to women and since Luis was the banker on the loan, Sixto left the land to him.?(30) It was very prejudice that women couldn?t own land and it was sexist. Americans were not their cover page, free and equal, they treated Mexicans as dirty lower class citizens. Isabel?s teacher didn?t choose Queen of the May by the best grades, she chose a pretty blonde American with blue eyes. ?I did not win Queen of May!?(226) Isabel had the best grades, but her teacher was prejudice against Mexicans. Mexicans went out of their way to go to Mr. Yakota?s store because, ?At this market, no one stares at us or treats us like outsiders or calls us ?dirty greasers?.?(187-188) Americans didn?t treat Mexicans like people, they were unfair. I believe prejudice is still going on today in America and all over the world. Some women are owned by men and have to cover all over their skin completely.

Ethics Utilitarianism Essay

a.) Explain the main differences between the utilitarianism of Bentham and that of Mill. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that looks at the concept of `utility`, or the usefulness of actions. Two of the most famous Utilitarians were Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill; Bentham was the first to introduce the theory, and his views were more similar to that of Act Utilitarianism. Mill on the other hand differed in his views, and his intention was to improve the theory, and his ideas were closer to that of Rule Utilitarianism; and Mill was also the one to coin the name of the theory. Although it is the same theory, the two philosophers had two different concepts of the best approach to Utilitarianism. One of the main differences between the two philosophers view of utility is their idea of the intrinsic good. For Bentham, the goodness of actions is measured by the amount of pleasure they produce. For him, two things were the most important, the pursuit of pleasure and the absence of p ain, and so happiness is pleasure without pain. Bentham produced his `hedonic calculus` to calculate the amount of pleasure produced by actions, which includes categories such as measuring the intensity, duration, and purity of pleasure to work out the best actions to take. This is because Bentham was a hedonist; he thought the best way to live life is the most pleasurable way. Although he never specifically said himself, it is thought that he would have preferred Act Utilitarianism, which looks at individual acts, and the amount of pleasure they generate, in each situation. This differs from Mill in that he thought the goodness of actions is based on the amount of happiness they produce. The practice of following a rule creates happiness, rather than looking at every separate act; it is thought that he was closer to a Rule Utilitarian, which involves following rules to create greater happiness. Furthermore, Bentham’s Utilitarianism is much more focussed on the individual. The individual judges each act by its utility, and the amount of pleasure it will produce; as it is about the quantity of pleasure, for Bentham, which decides which action should be taken. The motivation is for self-interest, which means that often justice can be ignored, as the focus is not on the wider public, which is different from Mill’s approach. Mill’s approach involves looking at the happiness of the community, so justice is addressed, and well-being has utmost importance. To make it more  universal he said that each desires their own happiness, so they should aim at it, and furthermore everyone ought to aim for the happiness for everyone else too, making sympathy the motive for doing an action. Both approaches are consequentialist, but for Mill, an ethical act is one where the consequences favour the happiness and wellbeing of all. His approach also looks at the quality of the activities as well, arguing that certain things can be rated as `higher` and `lower ` pleasures. He said that food, sex and drink are of the `lower` category, whereas poetry, opera and fine art and the like are of the `higher` pleasures, and that we should strive for pleasure of better quality, of a more high-class lifestyle, as they are of more value. Whereas Bentham uses the example of a game of `push-pin` (a children’s game) gives the same amount of pleasure as a good book, Mill argues against that saying the quality of the pleasure is what is importance. Essentially, what makes an act ethical for Bentham is the amount of pleasure that is produced for the individual, and duration and intensity etc. For J.S. Mill, an act is ethical if it follows more set rules, how much happiness is produced on a larger scale, and the quality of the pleasure, rather than the quantity. b.) `Mill’s Utilitarianism is superior in every way to the Utilitarianism of Bentham`. Discuss. Both Mill and Bentham wished to produce an ethical theory that created the most happiness, which is what they believed to be the basis for justice, and the best way of living. However, since they saw the way to achieve this happiness in different light, they had different approaches to the theory, meaning that one approach will be considered superior to the other. In my opinion, it is true that Mill’s approach is superior to Bentham’s, although not in every way. Firstly, it must be considered that it is not certain which `type` of Utilitarianism each philosopher preferred. Generally it is thought that Bentham took the Act approach, and Mill the Rule approach, however neither put themselves in any of the categories, so it is therefore debatable. It is evident that both do not stick completely to the respective approaches; as an example, Mill was known to write, â€Å"Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness†, which implies a prefe rence to Act Utilitarianism, although others still think that he may even have been a virtue ethicist. For the sake of this writing though, I will categorise each philosopher to their assumed approach. John Stuart Mill was very familiar  with Jeremy Bentham in person, as he was Bentham’s godson, and it is evident how this relationship affected his view on ethics. Mill attempted to improve Bentham’s theory, this concept of utility, which Mill coined `Utilitarianism`. However, his whole idea of the `greatest good for the greatest number` was accentuated by Mill when he made it more focussed on the community. As he thought more that happiness should be the standard of utility, not the self-centred pleasure. This improves the theory, as otherwise everybody will be focussing on themselves, and in many situations the pleasure of one person may exclude the happiness of many. I think it is also more appropriate inside the theory; as, if one looks out for the community, it seems more likely that the greatest good for the greatest number will be reached. Likewise, Mill’s idea of happiness being about the quality, not the quantity of pleasure, is to an extent better. The higher pleasures taking preference over the lower kinds of pleasures seem to fit with the quality of life, education and so forth. However, there is a danger that this idea quickly becomes snobbish, and puts the higher classes above those who would prefer rap music over opera. I suppose that this could make Mill’s approach `superior`, but in the way that is arrogant and conceited, rather than the definition of superior meaning improved. This shows how the theory is counter-intuitive in some areas; in how the community has importance, and not just the individual; and yet Mill still argues that the quality of pleasure takes precedence over the quantity, which seems to contradict the idea of community, and involve multiple classes. Another negative side of Mill’s theory is that he makes a jump with his universalisability ideas. He makes an inductive leap in saying that just because one person desires their own happiness they will naturally aim for the happiness of everyone else. John Rawls was known for criticising Mill and how it is not ethical to assume that one person would do something for a group, and how people can be used a means to an end because of that. Theoretically it is a suitable idea, that everyone would look out for the happiness for everyone else, but in practice it is not logical, he is separating morality and motive. An alternative approach to Utilitarianism would be that of Henry Sidgwick. In his book `The method of Ethics` he explained how he was concerned with justice in society. Although he was an Act Utilitarian like Bentham, his approach was similar to Mill’s, in that  the consequences take into account the welfare of the people. This is an improvement again on Bentham’s ethics as justice and welfare have importance over the selfish desires of individuals, which supports Mill and his superiority over Bentham’s Utilitarianism. In conclusion, Mill’s Utilitarianism is superior to that of Bentham’s, in that it looks at the welfare of the people more, and even though it is snobbish in some areas where Bentham’s approach is better, overall Mill’s approach is more improved as it looks as the happiness of others.

Stroop Effect Essays

Stroop Effect Essays Stroop Effect Essay Stroop Effect Essay Discussion The aim of this experiment was to replicate the original experiment carried out by the Stroop effect theorists and gain the same results. The Stroop Effect has a very long and established history of research that most if not all produce congruent results. However, in this experiment the results say otherwise, but this does not mean that one is right and the other is wrong. Consider the factors that may have contributed to producing such results. Since the experiment had results that there is no significant relationship between the Stroop effect and reaction time there could be several factors that may have contributed this: (1) demographics, (2) age and (3) gender. The Stroop performance has been found to be related to demographic factors and the relationship between an advanced age and reduced performance has been consistently reported. (Houx et al. , 1993; Graf et al. , 1995; Ivnik et al. , 1996; Klein et al. , 1997; Golden Freahwater, 2002; Moering et al. , 2004; Lucas et al. , 2005; Steinberg et al. 2005; Van der Elst. , 2006) Moreover, although the effect is relatively small, educational level is also known to have a significant influence. (Houx et al. , 1993; Ivnik et al. , 1996; Klein et al. , 1997; Golden Freahwater, 2002; Moering et al. , 2004; Lucas et al. , 2005; Steinberg et al. , 2005; Van der Elst. , 2006) In addition, the influence of gender was found to be significant; women performed better than men. Moreo ver, there was an interaction between gender and education for the color page indicating women outperformed men with increasing educational attainement. If the word meaning and colour are the same then facilitation appears; this results in a faster reaction time than ompared to when the word meaning and colour are different, in-congruent and interference occurs. It is Also easier to simply name an ink patch then it is an in- congruent word. The Horse Race Model explains this by saying that there is only one single exit before saying the same and so the two independent processes, reading and colour naming, are in competition to get there first; reading is the fastest of these processes and so gets there first. When the word meaning and colour are in- congruent and interference occurs then the single exit is blocked, with the wrong esponse, and so a delay occurs because the wrong response has been rejected and suspended to allow the correct response to be said. when the word mean and colour are the same then the reading process still gets there first however, as it is the correct response, the reaction time of naming the colour decreases. This experiment will look at the Horse Race Model (HRM), the reading process will be delayed by different variants of time, this should mean that the colour naming process will get to the exit first. For this participants will be required to make a decision about what colour is being presented on a monitor, as fast as possible. There has been some dispute in past research on experiments done on the HRM, for example; Lost et al and Glaser et al found that delaying the word meaning showed the HRM in practise and it had an effect on the reaction time of the response. However Goolkasian found rather different results, he did not see the HRM in action, this difference in results between the researchers is a reason for this experiment. It is unclear to what extent, if any, the HRM has on response time; because of these conflicting finding more research is needed. The main reason for experiment was to test if the HRM gave a alid reason for the Strop effect. As mentioned prestigiously the HRM assumes that, as reading is the fastest of the two independent processes then reading a word should be faster than naming a colour therefore it predicts that there should be a significant interference when the word and the colour are presented simultaneously for the in-congruent conditions and a significant facilitation when congruent word and colour appear simultaneously. This interference and facilitation, if the HRM is correct will be significantly reduced when there is a delay because naming the colour wou a nave aa Methods Participants nea start ana slowed down tne read Ing process. There was a total of 159 participants used for this in this study. They were recruited as a sample group in the University of Essex. Apparatus An Apple lmac was used, this had a screen resolution of 19201200 pixels. On a 24 screen. Using Supercard version 4. 7 software. Materials The participants were presented with stimuli of two components which was displayed to them on screen. One stimuli was the coloured rectangular patch (3. 55. 5cm). This patch was presented in a variety of difference colours; yellow, red, green and blue. The other stimuli that was presented to the participants was a word, which either matched up to one of the four colours, however could have been in- congruent or congruent or a natural, control word being XXXXX. As well being presented with the patch, the words would also appear, in size 24, in the centre of the patch. There were four conditions for when the word appeared; Oms (simultaneously), looms, 200ms or 350ms. The participants were also presented with the four colour in 4 separate answer/response squares: ranging in sizes. Once the participant had selected which colour they were presented with either correct or ncorrect. Design This was a repeated measure design in which participants were to take part in all conditions. The independent variables for this condition were the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), which constituted of 4 times; Oms, 100ms, 200ms and 350ms. The second independent variable was the congruence level which was made up of three conditions; congruence, in-congruence and neutral. The dependent variable was how long it took the participant to identifying the colour patch, which was measured in milliseconds(ms). Procedure To begin with participants were asked to open the correct software. Participants randomly assigned to 144 trials, which was made of 2 trials for each of the 12 conditions that were being used. The participants were asked to name the colour as fast as possible, the way they responded to the colour was using a keyboard in which each colour was assigned to a key; Q=Yellow, W=Red, 0=Blue and P=Green. Each trial started wltn a wnlte rectangular Dox Delng snown In tne centre 0T tne screen, underneath this box were the four keys, labelled with the appropriate colour. After 1 second a randomised colour patch appeared (which could have been any of the four olours, red, blue, green and yellow) followed by the word or XXXXX depending on randomised condition, this word would be neutral, in-congruent or congruent and appear after a random SOA. The participants were giving a 2 second limit on the response time, and once they had responded using the corresponding key, Q,W,O or P, they were presented with feedback either correct or incorrect. Once the participant had finished the trial pressing the space bar would allow them to move onto the next trial. After 24 trials participants were giving a break, the next set of rials would then resume when the space bar was pressed. Once all 6 blocks were finished the test was over and the participants were presented with 12 scores which they were asked to record on a table given to them on entering the room. Results although 159 participants were used for this experiment 17 participants data could not be used due to colour blindness or not having enough correct responses, if participants got less than 8 out of 12 of the trials correct their data could not be used. This left the study with data from 142 participants. Ones the raw data was received from the participants, an means and standard eviations were calculated for each of the conditions giving a total of 12 means and 12 standard deviations. Also four paired sample t-tests were conducting to see if the predictions had come true. Table 1 shows the mean reaction time for all the conditions, as we can see the ln- congruent at Oms was the slowest time (M=826. 28, SD 188. 131) and the fastest time being the neutral at looms (M-722. 30, 133. 386). Table 1- Descriptive statistics on mean reaction time in ms and Standard deviations Condition Mean (in ms) Standard deviation In-congruent at Oms 826. 28 188. 13 Neutral at oms 715. 63 130. 9 congruent at oms 781. 2 161. 83 In-congruent at looms 778. 61 179. 42 Neutral at looms 722. 3 133. 39 congruent at looms 738. 8 178. 25 In-congruent at 200srn 716. 47 140. 29 Neutral at 200rns 732. 08 144. 61 congruent at 200rns 738. 8 129. 95 In-congruent at 350ms 735. 11 156. 27 Neutral at 350ms 24. 05 156. 13 congruent at 350ms 729. 62 153 I ne palrea sample t-test tnat were conauctea snowed a numDer 0T tnlngs, Tlrstly we can see that inference occurred at Oms, when in-congruence is compared to neutral at Oms we can see a significant result. In-congruence having a mean of 826. 28 while neutral having a mean of 715. 63, t(141)=9. 60, p=

Top 3 Ways Veterans and Social Security Disability Applicants Can Start the New Year in MI

Top 3 Ways Veterans and Social Security Disability Applicants Can Start the New Year in MI Top 3 Ways Veterans and Social Security Disability Applicants Can Start the 2017 New Year in Michigan When a new year starts, we all make resolutions. We set goals and think of ways we can improve our health and our financial security. A year from now, we want to look back on 2017 with a feeling of satisfaction, knowing we did the best we could do.If you suffer from a disability, you should know that many programs are available to provide vital support to you and to help you to pursue your goals, including Social Security disability (SSD) benefits and Veterans Administration (VA) benefits. As you embark on the new year, Disability Attorneys of Michigan suggests that you take these three steps:Learn more about the SSD benefits and VA benefits application process.If you want to learn about disability benefits – and what it takes to apply for them – you should turn to the agencies that administer these programs.For information about Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits, you should go to the Social Security Administrati on (SSA) website. The website’s Faces and Facts of Disability is an especially helpful resource. If you are a military veteran, you should explore the VA’s website.Of course, you should also feel free to give our office a call. We can answer your questions, explain the disability benefits application process to you and, ultimately, help you to seek all of the benefits you deserve. We always offer free consultations.Get help with your disability benefits application or appeal.If you feel stressed out by everything that goes into applying for disability benefits – or with appealing a denied claim – you are not alone. Many people find the process to be complicated and confusing.Don’t let it overwhelm you. Instead, you should stay focused on your goals and get the assistance you need in order to reach those goals.Disability Attorneys of Michigan can provide many helpful services to you, including gathering the medical, employment and/or military record s that support your claim for benefits.We have extensive experience with seeking disability benefits and concentrate exclusively on this area of the law. We can bring a high level of skill and knowledge to your case and, in turn, greatly improve your chances of success. Explore all other resources available to you.Waiting for something as important as disability benefits can take a toll on your physical, emotional and financial health.While you wait for a decision on your claim, you should take advantage of resources offered through the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Michigan Veterans Affairs Agency and other state agencies.For example, if you face housing difficulties, you can check out the Michigan State Housing Development Authority’s housing locator. This tool can help you to find a home or apartment that fits your location and current income.When you work with Disability Attorneys of Michigan, we can work with you to find the support you need as we mov e forward with your claim. Contact us today to learn more.

Miscibility of Fluids in Chemistry

Miscibility of Fluids in Chemistry If you add 50 mL of water to 50 mL of water you get 100 mL of water. Similarly, if you add 50 mL of ethanol (alcohol) to 50 mL of ethanol you get 100 mL of ethanol. But, if you mix 50 mL of water and 50 mL of ethanol you get approximately 96 mL of liquid, not 100 mL. Why? The answer has to do with the different sizes of the water and ethanol molecules. Ethanol molecules are smaller than water molecules, so when the two liquids are mixed together the ethanol falls between the spaces left by the water. Its similar to what happens when you mix a liter of sand and a liter of rocks. You get less than two liters total volume because the sand fell between the rocks, right? Think of miscibility as mixability and its easy to remember. Fluid volumes (liquids and gasses) arent necessarily additive. Intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonding, London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces) also play their part in miscibility, but thats another story.

Occupational Folklife Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Occupational Folklife - Assignment Example Partaking in this activity assists us to bond out of the classroom and develop friendly relationships on and off the field too. This helps us to come together as a group and identify as one. The values and skills stressed during the soccer match are those of teamwork, hard work, commitment, and dedication. Each member of the opposing team gets expected to understand the concept of teamwork and how it is vital in helping their team to win and play excellently. Teamwork in soccer is displayed by passing the ball to your teammates and also through attacking or defending against the opposing team as a unit. Each member also has to show dedication and commitment by making time to participate in this activity after class and group work. As members of the group study, we encourage each other to show up for matches and always give our entire effort when playing for our teams. Members encourage each other to dedicate part of their extra time towards playing soccer together. Soccer is a physically demanding game and requires hard work to maintain physical fitness and shape. As a group, we undertake warm-ups and some physical exercises together before playing. By exercising, member s get to ensure their levels of physical fitness are commendable and thus do not strain physically during the match. Through playing soccer as an informal activity, the individual status or ranks within the group become forgotten until the match is over. The activity helps the group to bond and relate to each other as team members and friends on a casual basis. Soccer assists the group members to relate to each other on a friendly level where we share a joke about each other or let loose of the seriousness that comes from knowing each other on our academic levels. Group members do not mind about their academic performances’ while on the field playing, but rather become focused on assisting their teams to win.  

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 6

Business - Essay Example There are certain challenges in this industry, it needs to be identified, evaluated, and alternatives should be developed accordingly. It is also recommended that Mike should have a dedicated and expert team of professionals which would comprise of the perfect blend of youth and experience with the right attitude and talent. The business that has been purchased by Mike is situated at Sunnydale, Illinois, a mid-sized city with a busy downtown business district and a large university. In the same area of the city, another shop also thrives, named Queequeg’s Coffee. It is a large national chain of coffee. The biggest competitor for Mike is expected to be this coffee chain. The Sunnydale falls within the periphery of the California Rules and Regulations Act. The business setup needs to follow this act for its successful operations. Since, Mike is going to take over the business; he needs to comply with certain general issues regarding the business rules and regulation of the locality. The general query would be of identifying the business that he is taking up, is complying with the legal regulations or not. It is also to be seen if the business is driven by the benefit of the enforcement of the regulation. Mike needs to find out the tenure of the business and that of the license and their compliance with the regulations of the local authority. The tax provision should also be considered before going in with the business. It needs to find out from the tax authority, the tax related to the income of the business and other relevant taxes like water tax, local taxes that are compiled with the regulations. Any outstanding amount regarding the payment of the tax is due or not is to be verified and if so the period and the amount should be calculated. The next important issue is that of the location and the tenure of ownership. It must be checked if