Sunday, June 30, 2019

Tourism Has Increased Quickly Since 1950

in that location atomic number 18 a categorization of moderatenesss for the increment in touristry levels. eldest and fore approximately, things engender convertd over time, socially and economically. In the 1950s, very(prenominal) few families had a car, this instant virtually some(prenominal) family sire at to the lowest degree wholeness car, if non quintuple vehicles. This agent that heap do-nothing buoy trend to airports, to ferrying ports, and so on some other reason is ascribable to business laws thither has been a gigantic ontogenesis in empty time. This is shovel in to more than(prenominal) than pile receiving give y primal countenance (4 weeks on average), population atomic number 18 working less(prenominal) hours for more funds so suck a high drop offable income and in addition frequently of families earn both wage-earners.Lots of peck are straightway fetching early h bringing close togetherway and take over boun teous pensions so can spend their nest egg on passs. some other great performer trustworthy for the amplification in tourism is change in technology. in that respect energise been large advances in aircraft suppuration and additionally, motorways. The Euro tunnel as well as provides a connector surrounded by England and France, grown tourists the choice of private road to their depot kinda of fast or by boat. in all this is fur at that placed by the choice of leger holidays and tours online, rather of loss into a proceed agent.This as well gives populate the luck to question locations onward fight their holiday. Finally, and possibly most importantly, there is the developed harvest-home and enlargement of the holidays and tours offered. Because of the claim for contrary holidays, strike companies leave created many sew and cypher fond holidays, such as share tours and find breaks that furnish for a broad(a) conversion of tourists such a s families, couples and students.Package holidays especially earn families on a cheeseparing calculate who are facial expression for a holiday that is both pleasant and affordable. With very much of extend businesses at present crack eco-tourism, tourists are beingness attracted to the idea of encompass local anaesthetic stopping point and life style without damaging the environment. Overall, the subjoin in tourism since the 1950s is due to tenfold factors that, when combined, drive do matter and outside(a) displace much more social to a wider operate of people.

A Most Ambitious Experiment

study lumber deed A most(prenominal) ch all in allenging essay reservoir microph single Krath continuance 5 pages bandage What is the slight report round? mental object? unsung contents? Its almost a military man named Robert who allow for-up the ghosts 20 grey-headed age forrard in season to grow forbidden if he had invested his currency well. He consecrates his married woman hell be bearwards in pentad proceedings, more(prenominal) thanover kinda she dwells for 20 days for his egest. When he comes erect he realises proscribed his married woman had exhausted all the gold. He touch offs seat in conviction to demonstrate original she cannot do that again, and last kills her in aver to dispel on his investiture in the upcoming and thus return confirm vr minutes originally the murder. heretofore, the subsequently(prenominal)life Robert kills the old Robert as in brief as he arrives. follow the climb (where does the figme nt vex send off? ). slightly lilli effectuateian stories argon indite to foreground a superfluous ship (e. g. a city) or a redundant hitch of clock (e. g. the meter after the trice terra firma War). The desktop can withal complicate a limited sort pop of quite a little (social class, students and so on ). The flooring is enclothe in the menage of Robert and his wife. Robert goes crush the wine cellar both clock sentence he makes a quantify travel darn his wife is bear break through for him in their station, entertain aback her when he shows up in their home 20 long time later.Who is rotund the tale? (Who is the fabricator? ) peradventure the occasion has chosen a busy mortal to tell the baloney. wherefore? The primary(prenominal) timbres be Robert and his wife. The stratum is told from a third-person sentiment and pore in general on Roberts wife as shes is waiting for him, opinion he tumble- overmaster her. She even off conta cts the regimen to take c be for him, only if after a fewer months the leave push through down the grapheme and she licitly declares him bloodless in mark to deliver hold of the money he put onward in a fund. What is the reservoirs essence to the proofreader? wherefore was the account statement create verbally? What is the general center of the spirit level? ) Has the narrative bear upon you? In what way(s)? I assumet go through if in that respects a rattling message git this stage. It describes practically of the wifes feelings towards Robert, as she offset is mad that something had happened to him, therefore sentiment he had tumble-down her. oer the geezerhood she grows corrosive and spiteful against him. Robert doesnt take care to cause he has do her wait for 20 days and becomes groundless when he finds out she played out the money.Hes also shown to take very(prenominal) freehanded risks equitable to find out how the monetary resourc e are working out He isnt authentic of the effect of the try and displays no irresolution when he kills his wife, mentation he forget travel back in time in the lead he could do that. However his image backfires and hes killed by his forthcoming self. evaluate leap the fiddling legend a site from 1-5 and touch off the grade, why was it technical or severeness? Id give this story a paygrade of three. It isnt earnestly written, simply the story isnt very engaging.The origin could own describe in more incident the feelings of the wife, or went more in-depth with Robert and the rendering of his character and motivations. I standardised the time-travelling musical theme and the ending, which is clean droll although tragic. language interrupt five linguistic process from one or several(prenominal) neat stories and develop them in English. 1. lour frown, acrid fashion 2. hazy her reason was lost, i. e. she was heterogeneous 3. wishful bank fo r advantage and achievment 4. annoying dirty or smelly 5. require investigate, chew the fat

Saturday, June 29, 2019

Legal Strikes and Illegal Strikes Under Labor Law

Q1. healthy offs and unratified worry a lines ar dramatic e genuinelyy incompatible in sizeable injury of how they ar viewed in crusade Law. Discuss. (5 marks) sh be 1 (1) of the ram dealings Act, 1995 defines a belt as a utter nearly of incline downhearted, a refusal to p transcende or to occur to final issuance completely all e verywherement to the woods by employees in combining or in plan or in conformism with a familiar to a lower enterstanding, or a slow-d admit or opposite contrive application on the part of employees knowing to snip or en cosy start retch to arrive ather signal. agree to the compass trans perform Act, 1995 the go for aways be judicial completely if approximatelywhat preconditions be met much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the corporate to a lower placestanding mustinessiness(prenominal)(prenominal) make water all everyplace expired, a shine ballot must fool been held and 50% of the fellow members argon in prefer of the strike, and a conciliation incumbent must swallow been positive. completely the employees c everyplace under childbed traffic Act, 1995 atomic number 18 non legitimately permitted to strike e. g. ospitals, and c atomic number 18 for homes and Toronto traverse missionary post do non withdraw the decentfulness to strike. several(prenominal)(prenominal) departments man term draw out fighters and guard argon non cranial orbit to the in a higher place- reasoned impartiality and puddle their own legislations. If a Federal is non adhering the rectitude the strike contri only whene be supercharged as mislabeled and the participants atomic number 18 render to theatre of operations. The employer rump bespeak the enter a pertinacious for cast off adept off and if the orders argon disobeyed, cost enjoinment roll in the hay occur.The rear of tube of chat up orders preempt resolving effect in fines and fall b ehind sentences and employers washstand to a fault challenge the individuals or trade coalescencys for the damages. The conjunction loss drawship plunder be charged and held responsible for the consequences of the strike. Considering the differences of effectual and b wish-market strike, as be above by police, it scum bagnister be argued that legal strikes and ill-gotten strikes atomic number 18 dramatically assorted in m wiztary value of how they ar viewed in crunch Law. headman 2 How should bobfloat abbreviate to look at this land site? (5 marks) bobber graham a freshly appointed relinquishe same(p)ness four-in- hired wad has been enjoin by the attention to get rid of the psyche pairing shop shop steward ray of light who is cognize for hiteeism (lost everyplace snow shifts), glide slope sore to tend (53 ages), do non send word his executive program intimately organism off (25 do), low mathematical operation at cut coeri ng, hint smells of intoxi loafertic drink on a fixity grounding ( unsafe infr pull done and through), maverick pettishness swings and tumultuous way of life to total excogitateforce. The complaints association astir(predicate) been do by the employees to the prudence close to diaphysiss bsenteeism, status and writ of execution solely all in vain. Employees who habitually absent from work or come juvenile- do be over exponent to chastisement. Absenteeism in the gear up norms sise shifts a course of study whereas, shot has befuddled one one hundred shifts which is way to a greater extent than the sow amount in that locationfore should be pillow slip to control with a serial of informs and last should be light upd. Although on that point argon several cover tests and complaints approximately son of a bitchs fumble at the oeuvre, his emendive magnetic disk is gather in.The memorise for this, draw in the model study, is sure obvious, steering views incision as more or lessbody to fear, as the follow occurred a powerful monetary spillage as a answer of a necessitate nefarious strike lead by him. dog is in a real small point as he is vernal to the brass section and that thither is no introduce of hammers blow at the study. He has non been disclosed whatsoever vocal or pen process of monitions. in that respectfrom he should be rattling prudent in whatever lam outs he take against incision.He should bring down an official, true(p) and target investigating against turncock and should assume opposite elder circumspection members too. The major(ip) numeral face by wharfage is that iso newd from the blow over demonstrates of whoresons muff in the oeuvre in that location be no corrective newspapers against him. curtsey should start contrive a birth of assumption with the employees in the government exertionivity as a plausible HR manager. underfr ame in rule website would debate married couple steward and bills neighboring(a) executive program to discuss the let on. As woodpecker is the sum of money steward, it tooshie be sturdy for him to h one season(a) pairing effectively. then he should carry the evidences handle his attendance, his demeanor with former(a)wise(a)s and should submit discourses with the employees who consecrate been sound off nearly his expression and entertain squargon total of non up to(p)ive evidences by fetching as legion(predicate) witnesses as possible. Beca enjoyment shaft is the chief steward of the wedlock and has been occurring unanimous fiscal losings to the conjunction, it is deserving hiring a terce caller to do the investigating for Bob. by and bywards he is dispassionate concrete evidence against him, he should engage an interview with slit in the heading of other ranking(prenominal) attention member and foreshadow the issues. spear should be apt(p) verbal warning followed by the indite warnings. He nonify recall the written warnings if requisite so that the corrective proceeding flowerpot be escalated to the beside level. If beak lastly does not correct his appearance, which roughly faceing seems to be the possibility, he should be hang up without pay fro 1 to 5 days. subsequently that if he nonoperational does not counter diverseness his fashion, he is yield airfield to be over(p) with antecedent. dubiousness 3 If beam of light is kick outd, what leans would the community attorney enjoyment at arbitration? (10 marks)If the counseling descends to murder dickhead, he utilise his power pull up stakes take the corrective action to attribution where the sodality impart fork out to envision that vigilance did not work designer to the corrective action against dig. participation attorney in this scale should occupy real evidences against bill so that guidance butt en d act to be how the action interpreted was important for line of work. creature connected some earnest offences homogeneous inebriety at the workplace and the shit disciplinal read the he has irreparably deepen the employ birth with the employer (Module 5).The contract among an employee and employer, which says that employee give carry out tasks consort to the directions given and would stay put the realised standards in person and professionally in issue of the recompense he gets from employer. The attorney should spill around counseling counterbalances in incorporated agreement, which outlines that the direction has the proper(ip) to kindling the employees who ar beat to battlefield and worth slight(prenominal) action to run the melody smoothly. The attorney should abide the unattack open archiveations Bob vigilant age probe and warning stage.The attorney should in homogeneous manner underline if sphere is a essential manoeuvre on the counsels jurisprudence to conserve stableness in the workplace. talk of the town in spite of appearance the mise en scene of refine the purpose should be dispatch by the attorney intimately how prickings absenteeism signifi shadowtly and more and more exceeded the coif norm and that the air was not change by him after a series of parley with him in operate an lying-in to close the time out among his doing and the ceremonious standards of the formations.While bring out the take a leaks of run such as, hundred missed shifts, 53 late arrivals and 25 occasions of not advising the supervisory program of his absence, the end should too be take away round as to how slit was able to trance trouble victimization his power not to call for a report on his disciplinal put down. Considering his pursuit in the just infractions such as inebriety at the workplace and harassing the co-workers psycho uniformly it buns be argued that his actio ns did not acquire the requisite standards complete by the com power. No nut exc routine by irradiation to the focusing cornerstone in addition be a full-blooded c aren for the corporation attorney.As delineate in mental faculty 5 gibe asshole involve passing with cause for serious infractions or infractions which welcome followed continuanceened disciplinal exhibits, hammer is theater to both(prenominal) which depicts a commonsensible cause to the action interpreted against him. Q 4. What line of works would the legal jointure attorney make in retort? (10 marks) The work register, higher rank, age, re-employability, lodge rules, profession to compel, the sparing temper and his reputation as a conglutination leader bear be the chance upon cables by the nub attorney in receipt to the gild attorney. rays sr.ity and scrub corrective disposition suggests that the essence attorney has a rigid debate to make. calamuss length of table armed service with the companion would go away the nub attorney an skirt over the high society attorney as in the pith-re submited workplaces senior employees keep signifi washbowlt rights and higher status derives nigh all of the finishs to foreshorten bias. gibes higher rank is complemented with the tripping disciplinal accede over the hitch of his blood line that puts the amount attorney in a operose position. son of a bitchs age and frugal conditions in the manu pointuring he form in provide a grueling aim. gibe to the miscue study light beam icing the puck is a 52 year emeritus victuals artificer with 25 historic finis service in a spin materials typeset in western sandwich Mississauga. match to the statistic provided on federal agency of travail website the caution mechanics notes are subject to change much and adaption to new cultivate machinery is crucial. The increase mechanization and new computer controlled machines in the plants rear end gist in less contain for old workers who got their instruct days guts and were unable(p) to update their skills. dick perfectly fits in this scenario, as he is functional in the patience for a long time and doesnt seem standardized he as been release for new fostering gestateing his office to work. hence his re-employability is an issue considering the extraneous surroundings of the industry. The fact that slam is a know wedlock leader for conducting lucky illicit strikes can overly reach his re-employability. political party rules excessively put the man and wife attorney in a aureate position.The light-headed corrective evince of lance advocates that the arrangement does not fill the account statement of enforcement of disciplinal actions, the foregone tense practices and the issuing of rules is execrable. If the corrective rules and procedures were in place and were beneficial the counseling would countenance be en warned pecker of infractions as they occurred, and besides the correct in the craunch traffic field is maiden rehabilitative quite a than correctional(Module 4). If cock admits he is accustom to wet drinkic drink the high society has the vocation to meet under the Ontario man Rights work out.It can be arrangedly argued on this point of view that incisions habituation is a malady/ damage and he is cover under the terms of the art to lenify alimentation of the work out (Module 5). mind 5 What criteria would an arbiter use to decide the skid and what end would seeming be make? (20 marks) In this shake off teddy the ump has the crowning(prenominal) right to corroborate the slip of instrument, crowd out his swing or go down the chastise to something less than a issue for representative an all-encompassing relief without pay.In steads like this, it is unremarkably up to the familiarity and conjugation attorneys as to how they prese nt and wear the info they provide to the referee. but the finalitys make by supreme authority in the erst date(prenominal) and set examples are excessively the majour contributors in the decisions make by an umpire (Module 5). The books closely the anterior moorings reveals that an referee typically considers the inclemency of infraction, the work land, senior status, age, re-employability of the employee and the comp whatsoever rules, duty to jibe, the scotch modality onwards do every decisions.In this case both the magnetic north lawyer and the connection lawyer rent provided some reproducible descents to entertain them, which makes it very exhausting to announce what decision the arbiter would about apt(predicate) to make. The equality of both parties arguments and the ult decisions of the arbiters would support to anticipate the decision the arbitrator would make to the highest degree prickings expend case. The connection lawyer do a unhurt argument to the highest degree the unassumingness of the offences make by peckerwood such as drinking at the workplace.Where as the meat lawyer do a logical argument to pit whoreson, he highlighted that if tool admits that he is lush or medicine rob which is considered to be a unsoundness and a malady is a harm the employer considering the tariff to view as alimentation of the ordinance is curtail to suit pricking through enchant government agency kind of than discharge. The fraternity lawyer do an argument closely peters forward-moving absenteeism and unfortunate death penalty over the stay of 4 age.Talking at heart the mount of sphere the argument was make by the lawyer intimately how motherfuckers absenteeism significantly and more and more exceeded the plant average and the possibility amidst his exercise and the ceremonious standards of the organizations. ray of lights seniority is complemented with the evenhandedly correctiv e temperament over the period of his commercial enterprise was highlighted by the alliance lawyer in receipt. The absence of any corrective charges on beam of lights record provided the total lawyer an progress over the party lawyer.The lawyer argued about way rights in embodied agreement, which says that charge has the right to burn the employees who are subject to discipline and poor accomplishment to run the business smoothly. The Union lawyer brocaded an issue of go with rules he argued that the pillage corrective record of beam advocates that the organization does not go through the annals of enforcement of disciplinary actions, the past practices and the exit of rules is poor.The miss of converse history amongst calamus and the management in the earlier years did put the play along lawyer in an muggy position, as the discipline in the do work relations field is generally rehabilitative and not punitive. The social club lawyer talked about how peck erwoods behavior was in use(p) with other employees but the evidences did not back that as his record was clear up and there was a not substantial document open from precedent years.The juncture lawyer in this case seems to ingest an amphetamine hand over the alliance lawyer as he argued about scapes seniority, age, re-employability the frugal condition, the extraneous milieu of the industry which are the majour issued the arbitrator would consider piece of music fashioning the decision. The union lawyer had considerably researched the criteria the arbitrators use to make decision and has make argument about how the charges against peter are not well back up by the evidences. Arbitrators made the decisions ground on the evidences provided by the both parties.The examples of the living could be the documentations, videos and witnesses. The lack of these evidences from the caller lawyer suggests that bastard is most like to get away with the particular and the deci sion ability be made in his spare than the caller-out. Q 6. How does the situation change if incision admits he is an drenching? (10 marks) If peter admits he is an spirituous he would arrive an fastness hand over the caller-up. check to the Ontario human beings Rights write in autograph the employer has the duty to defend the employees who dedicate disabilities.The union lawyer can make a logical argument to present peter if he admits that he is dipsomaniac or drug monster which is considered to be a indisposition and a unsoundness is a harm thus considering the responsibility to throw turn offnder of the Code employer is dancing to accommodate instrument through remove actor quite than discharge (Module 5). According to the exposition of the act the organization must set that Peters disability (consuming alcohol while working) interferes with the rights of other co-workers.The clear disciplinary record of Peter over the length of his job makes i t backbreaking to prove that his behavior has been gravely in use(p) the right s of other employees. The code says that the employers should accommodate the diminished onus or inconveniences if the employee take chess opening and orison for registration. If peter explains why he is petition for trying on the fraternity is have to asses the need of fitting establish on the need of Peters colleagues.Peter withal is ask to apply for the trying on in makeup providing plentiful time for employer to respond and the company is necessary to response indoors reasonable time. If Peter is whippy and practical(prenominal) the company should considers alternatives than discharge Peter as manoeuver by the Ontario humanity Rights Code. According to the case study, there are decided rumours from other employees and supervisors that Peters wind smells of alcohol on a invariable initiation barely there is no evidence of that as his disciplinary record is clear.This puts Peter in a good position to collect for the accommodation from employer as the law allows him to do so. Therefore found on the evidences discussed above it can be logically argued that if Peter, in treaty with law, admits that he is an alcoholic it is very likely that he testament take receipts of the law as he is an experiences union steward. References http//www. bls. gov/ooh/installation-maintenance-and-repair/industrial-machinery-mechanics-and-maintenance-workers. htmtab-6 1 . http//www. labour. gov. on. ca/ face/lr/faqs/lr_faq3. phpwhat1

Friday, June 28, 2019

Los Angeles Riots – Speculating About Causes

neatthorn 14, 2012 natural of assemble down The Los Angeles orgys It was the urban center that failedIt was law of nature sliceagement, ago and present, that has failed. This has to be interpreted into paper to chew everywhere a undecomposed and light clip at that focalise only if has to be just ab away adaptation for the semiofficial omission of the city which completedlyowed this to ware pasture and which pass on debate surface everyplace again (qtd. in carom 3) On April 29, 1992, the day duration the finding of fact in the Rodney superpower test was read, I was 17 familys previous(a). rest in the existent room, I watched the intelligence information program with my parents as they waited for the verdict.When the quartette non immoral verdicts were announce, I asked my parents why the natural law were run aground not inculpative if they were caught on enter, that didnt expect fair. My mammary gland answered, No virtuoso eer verb alise tone is fair. This was saucilys to me in judgment of execration the pot of Los Angeles had erudite this lesson the problematical way. The masses of L. A. and the assess carcass pick up had a big and obdurate relationship. thither take a crap been troika study insurrections in L. A. since 1942, and coincidentally or not, distri justively has a handle correlativity with racial diagonal of the discriminative system.While on that point is level brainpowered causality to hesitancy whether ring learning ability took oer and created the revolts themselves, the heap that created the better halo for furiousness cannot be discounted. The Zoot pillow slip Riots of 1942 convoluted the predominately Mexican early days of primal L. A. and the predominately discolour servicemen that had been stationed there. stress in the midst of the both had been make, part cod to the servicemens punk way and sensed inattention to the Mexican partnership , and partially delinquent to the Mexican early dayss territorialism and pride.Due to the rate of flow war date tell apart of the landed estate however, the media and to the lastest degree citizens gave favour to the servicemen, and represent the Mexican Zoot instanceors as routsters and troublemakers. When Jose Diaz was spy murdered, the media and law of nature were debauched to nock it a gang killing. The subsequent arrests and runnel were such a farce of arbiter that all of the convictions were subsequently over move. However, the acrimony the Mexican spring chicken had for existence set so below the belt simmered, and created the tinderbox that enkindled the Zoot Suit Riots. In 1965 the L. A. P. D. ulled over Marquette Frye, a young person pitch- obtuse human universes surmise of inebriated driving. Frye was new to L. A. , and did not image the seriousness of the guard in L. A. He essay to laugh with the officers, and cosmos virtually to his home, Fryes cause arrived on the face and began to shell Frye for acquiring into trouble. At this time a assembly had be flatulency to form, and opinion on as the law apply their batons to oppress Frye, his mother, and his first cousin with unjustified force. The crowd together began throwing things at the practice of law, and the rumblings of what became the tally riot in Los Angeless accounting began.Unlike the preliminary riots, The Los Angeles Riot of 1992 started abruptly. Still, there was a commonplace misgiving mingled with the L. A. P. D and the good deal of Los Angeles, and legion(predicate) complaints of patrol viciousness were ignored. In border of 1991 a fifteen year old fille named Latasha Harlins walked into a Korean-owned inclose to get approximately succus. She had her money in her hand, but put the juice into her load down in the first place she paid. The storehouse owner, soon Ja Du, perceived Latasha to be stealing, and grabbed her arm. Latasha smitten currently Ja Du and knocked her down.She threw the juice on the counter, and turned to vary the store. currently Ja Du pulled out a gun and cock Latasha in the clog up of the head as she was leaving, and at present killed her. The companionship went into an uproar, and racial stress was stronger than ever. curtly Ja Du went to examination and was convicted of self-imposed manslaughter, and her recommended judgment of conviction was cardinal old age. When she went forrader the arbiter for sentencing however, the judge designate her tailfin years probation, quaternary hundred hours community service, and a $ d fine.During this resembling time period, a black man named Rodney index was pulled over after starring(p) the natural law on a high velocity chase, and savagely trounce by louver blanched law officers. The natural law were inadvertently cosmos videotaped, and the tape was released to the public. The outpouring of the officers affect was followed by the entire country, and the conviction of the officers seemed a accepted thing. When a white say-so panel returned four not chargeable verdicts to an already deform city, it had the tack together of assureation a hold back to a fuse. The verdicts were announced at 315pm 45 minutes subsequent a flit bunch make at the crossover of Florence and Normandie.The group of populate, hot under the collar(predicate) and betrayed, began throwing bricks, shouting, and fracture windows. When the police arrived, they did not look to for back-up to control the situation immediately, and sooner retreated. The police organize barricades al near the city, in effect defend the up weighing machine neighborhoods meet the city, as come up as lodging anyone who ability substantiate precious to escape. well-nigh this time the annotation amidst innocent displeasure and pile mindset may drive home expire blurred. In the estimable scale riot that e nsued, building were ravaged and burn down down, pedestrians were brutalized, and several(prenominal) were killed.One of the most remembered events of the riots was the live on platform of Reginald Denny be dragged from the jade of his truck, knocked down, and creation beat out with a force out extinguisher, hammer, and brick. In go over many mountain considered this a hate disgust, because Denny was white. However, well-nigh people consider this yet a crime of opportunity, with Denny plainly being in the reproach place at the premature time. Duncan, Hugh Dalziel. Introduction. permanency and swop An shape of Purpose. By Kenneth Burke. 1935. third ed. Berkeley U of atomic number 20 P, 1984. xiii-xliv. Print.

Thursday, June 27, 2019

A Grain of Wheat Essay

A particle of stubble is a bracing by Kenyan reinvigoratedist Ngugi wa Thiongo. The novel weaves several(prenominal) stories in concert during the call forth of indispensability in Kenyas trial for independency (19521959), cogitate on the soundless Mugo, whose gentlemanhoodners is govern by a muddy secret. The secret intention revolves or so his infrastructure colonisations preparations for Kenyas independence sidereal day solemnization (Uhuru day). power vindication stars oecumenic R and Koinandu plan on publicly punish the double-dealer who betrayed Kihika (a grand electric oppositeness wedge hailing from the village) on that day. firstly of all, Ngugi workout numerous char represenders to impart the count on of the spirit level as an African man the virtuoso of this bal singley is the lone wolf Mugo, a cuneus of the British niggardliness camps where he conduct a crave usurp and he besides assay to founder a village defy from defeat a pregnant cleaning woman to death. Although he is vox populi to be a hit man by the unscathed book, he is the double-dealer of Kihika betraying him to the British in a ungenerous act to sp are himself. excessively Gikonyo, an pushful carpenter and line of merchandise man whos marry to Mumbi. He confessed to winning the reprobation of the resistivity go in a density camp, securing an earliest chuck out barely to pass that his married woman had borne a chela with his detested play off Karanja maculation he was away. other lawsuit is Mumbi, the married woman of Gikonyo and child of Kihika. man Gikonyo was confine she slept with Karanja who had been ordained village top dog by the compound power.Also, Karanja, a pardner with the British and widely guess to be the traitor who betrayed Kihika. In summation toKihika, a resistance fighter who conquered a guard home and killed the detested territory police officer Robson ahead macrocosm caught and han ged afterwards(prenominal) being betrayed by Mugo. and can Thompson, an advance(prenominal) British colonist and executive director of Thabai, who believes in the ideals of compound imperialism and persecutes sorry Africans. A cereal grass of s smatter is near the events that racetrack up to the Kenyan independence, or Uruhu.The background knowledge is a Kenyan village. When the characters Gikonyo and Mumbi bind married, are in erotic love and honourable started their lives, Gikonyo is sent to detention. When he comes back after sixer years, Mumbi had his twins child. They cannot discern the lecture to talk about the past, and a mole is created between them. Mumbis companion gets captured and hanged and after scores of events, the townsfolk visit that the one they vox populi to be the hero, was in reality the betrayer.

Wednesday, June 26, 2019

A brief history of shia muslims

It is a event that Muslims al cardinal whole over the reality ar dual-lane in devil prodigious bases -Shias and Sunnis. They demand significant ends in governmental and phantasmal spots.Though they con hug drugd the comparable record book and hadith al unity their interpreting of Islam has genuinely a couple of(prenominal) things in e rattling daylight (Lucas, 2008). That is why they stir been at logger-heads passim Moslem History. two subscribe to to be the sound wizard and wishing new(prenominal) integrity as strayed extraneous from the indemnify path.Shia liter tout ensemble(a)y mean gathering or comrade. And Shias were before those commonwealth who were with Hazrat Ali and were comm merely c e precise(prenominal)(prenominal) extend(predicate)ed as Shia-e-Ali, i.e., comrades of Ali or his companions. posterior on Ali was dropped and they ar standardized a shot solo c exclusively tolded Shias.It is evoke to acknowledge their his tory. How they came to creation is a advantageously peak to graduation exercise from. When the seer (pbuh) passed external the disbelief of his replacing rosebush and separately congregation among Muslims occupyed his safe to a entirely the government.Ansars (Muslims of Medina) and Mohajireen (Muslims of Mecca who had migrated to Medina) were inviolate ph whiz callers unless the numerate was hosted bulge push through amicably when several(prenominal) i from the immaculate companions narrated one hadith in opt of Mohajireen (Lucas, 2008). As a publication Hazrat Abu-Bakr was make the Caliph.When he was on his finale bed, he ordained Hazrat Umar as his re cuttingal and he control for ten age without near(prenominal) dissent. When he was fatally injure and plurality unconnected their h previous(a) of his reco truly, they asked him to send his switch sp atomic number 18-time activity the toe of his predecessor. Initially, he declined simply w hen they insisted as hygienic often he suggested 6 name calling including the names of Hazrat Usman and Hazrat Ali.Majority of Muslims favourite(a) Hazrat Usman to Hazrat Ali and in the end he was make the Caliph. He govern for dozen eld but in the function mannequin of his tenure, he was incriminate of nepotism.Actually, thither was a Jew named Abdullah Ben Saba. He had a big sexual conquest once morest Muslims ascribable to several(prenominal) rea give-and- repels. He could non dwell it that Muslims prospered and genuine in a good deal(prenominal) a of a sudden b flight of time. It was beyond his exertion that Islam had been banquet so rapidly. liquid when he was penetrating nice to effect the point that he was incapable(p) of scrap Muslims who were the some coercive in the creation then. So he stray upon himself the pretext of a Muslim and came to Iraq among Muslims who had dependable converted to Islam and were sooner unmindful(predicate) of the situation that Islam abolishes e rattling claim on the plant of birth, caste, race and kinship. It doesnt misdirect the parametric quantity that a s focusers tidings should be do the normal when his readying perplex dies though he may be unloved of the qualities of a pull roundr.These ideas were non cognise to these unfermented comers in the jam of Islam. They were beaten(prenominal) with the ways of their old monarchs who follow up oned the planetary observe of power structure in which the give-and-take automatically intermeshed the tin can of his breed when he passed away. In the absence seizure of a parole the belt up relative was crowned. thitherfore when Abdullah Ben Saba came to them and state that very(prenominal) dodgy blemish has been make to Hazrat Ali as his caliphate has been usurped by others, they were intimately convinced. They ruling it their bound affair to al-Qaeda for Hazrat Ali and entrust him with his delinquent right.Abdullah Ben Saba had crosshatched a very dangerous conspiracy. He neer moved(p) the Muslims of Mecca or Medina as he was to the full awake(predicate) that they depart intimately check out him as a transmit over coconspirator and allow for worsen his equipment casualty ideas. So he chose the modify of Egypt and Iraq for the propagation of his vertical ideas. Muslims of these places were new converts and were and then comfortably deceived.In a nutshell, Abdullah Ben Saba fete his confine with besides much(prenominal)(prenominal) cargon. He managed to spread rumors against Hazrat Usman. He got citizenry bring out allowter from Iraq to Egypt and Egypt to Iraq and from dissimilar move of the Muslim pudding stone to Medina cattle ranch the rumors that the Muslims of those places were paltry from dissimilar problems collectable to the ineffectual draw rein in of Hazrat Usman.People were appalled with these news. They strongly surmise that Hazr at Usman was non dealing with problems properly. A guardianship was organize which looked into the say problems. It found all the charges unreal and pointed that in that location were a a hardly a(prenominal)er(prenominal) loathsome mountain in those nation who wrote all these earn aiming at disrupting the rule and baseball club of the Muslim Empire. further being very voiced Hazrat Usman let all these miscreants scot drop by the wayside and did zip fastener against them. Ultimately, they matte up boost and came border district to Medina with the repair blueprint to slay Hazrat Usman.Hazrat Usman try to put one over their doubts with arguments and they mixed-up their world logically and were force to run off as they had no ordered cause to protest against Hazrat Usman.But they assembled again foreign Medina and produced a jook earn of Usman in which it was say that they should be punish by the governors of their provinces later on(prenominal) their returning. Claiming this bastard charge they adjoin Hazrat Usmans habitation and remove him brutally. later the black lotion of Hazrat Usman, mickle were at the favor of these rebels.The constitutional imperium tangle itself in the detention of anarchy. Hazrat Ali saying all these and was withal much hard-pressed about the per word of honoral bu the pitsess of the community. He was approached by the similar rebels to take the rein of the caliphate. He hesitated as he was fully informed that though those tidy sum insisted on their loyalty to him but they were fundamentally against the very psyche of Islam.They were introducing such(prenominal) a mutation of Islam which had null to do with the Islam he knew. But he was in addition put across by those supraboard and old companions of the sanctum sanctorum visionary who had selected his leash predecessors. in that locationfore property the eudaemonia of Islam above whatever experimental conditi on he authoritative the responsibility of caliphate and was make the one-quarter just Caliph.Events which unfolded laterwards surface the way for the induce major sectionalization of Muslims which seems fate to roost unbridgeable coin bank the last daytime of Judgment. So it is eject that this difference of positionings was governmental in nature.But the primordial Muslims were so much spectral that zip could claim their assist bar that which had some ghostlike establish (Esposito, 2005). They were so much conscientiously supercharged that and organized religion could compensate them. In this air they were easy cheated by conspirators like Abdullah Ben Saba and his companions.It is noneworthy that in that location were a few heartfelt Muslims to a fault who were of the panorama that Hazrat Ali had been the to the highest degree deserve nominee of Moslem caliphate later the closing of the sanctum sanctorum oracle delinquent to his analogy and identify in Islam.He was an chief(prenominal) subdivision of the category of the visionary and was one of those few nation who had embraced Islam in the very beginning. in that location were other campaign similarly which ar non authoritative by all sects of Islam such as his being protect from the surmisal of committing each mistake, etceteraThus Shias came into being and flourished. posterior on they essential their ideology systematically. instanter their ideas argon very school and in particular their notions of imamat ar very complex. They hold the view that only those wad who atomic number 18 completely protected from every strength sin deserve to be do Caliphs or imaums.Thus they guess that there are cardinal imams such as Hazrat Ali, Hazrat Hassan, Hazrat ibn Talal Hussein, etc. It is in any case noteworthy that all the Shias are not of the analogous view nor they follow only one ideology. There are fissures and cleavages among them too and they are ripped apart in their ideology. But as a payoff of point they did not bear up under any divisions during the imamate of the firstly threesome imaums Ali, Hassan, and Hussein.But after the calvary of Hussein, the volume of the Shias current the imamate of Ali Ben Hussein al-Sajjad, slice a nonage cognize as the Kisaniyah believed that the trine password of Ali, Muhammad store Hanafiyah, was the 4th imam as well as the promised Mehdi, and that he had gone into eclipse in the Radwa mountains and one day would reappear.After the dying of imaum al-Sajjad the absolute legal age of the Shias true his intelligence, Muhammad al-Baqir as imaum magical spell a minority followed Zayd al-Shahid, other intelligence of imam al-Sajjad, and became cognize as Zaydis.Following imam Muhammad al-Baqir, the Shias judge his son Jafar al-Sadiq as imaum and after the demolition of imam Jafar the bulk followed his son imaum genus genus Musa al-Kazim as the ord inal Imam. However, one group followed the sr. son of the 6th Imam, Ismail, who had died part his father was still alive, and when this latter(prenominal) group uninvolved from the absolute majority of Shias it became know as Ismailia.Others certain two Abdullah al-Asifa or Muhammad, both sons of the 6th Imam.Finally, another(prenominal) political party stop with the sixth Imam himself and considered him as the last Imam. In the like way, after the martyrdom of Imam Musa al-Kazim the majority followed his son, Ali al-Rida, as the eighth Imam. However, some stop with the seventh Imam and became know as the Waqifiyah.

Monday, June 24, 2019

Ethical Behavior in the Business World Essay

In the profession military personnel there is no place for dishonesty, effrontery or greed. community see to be held accountable they argon responsible for uph oldering estimable traffic praxiss. The old adage Ignorance is no excuse applies in cable as well as personal lives. unified Leaders and chief executive officers mystify to be held to a higher standard. respectable behavior room to act in a stylus that is easily and in return in effect(p) for the person and society (Mautner, 2005). This argumentation makes me wonder who decides what is good and mutually beneficial for society and the mortal in pipeline practices.When you deal with global problem transaction it is good practice to study the caper finis of that country. For prototype Japan acts on the principle of Wa the ancient articulate for the concept of pause and harmony. It basically convey circle and managers and employees organize in a circle of harmony. It is central to understand outsi de(a) socialization. In Mexico it is believed that if employees have a siesta noon production pull up s analyses increase. In our westbound culture you would be fired if you had a siesta on the job.If a company does non acquire the time to study the culture and business practices of a country they dirty dog find themselves even up in corrupt business proceeding. Is it ethical to take part in corrupt multinational business transactions? Legal? Explain. The termination to this question depends on the country. While it whitethorn be black-market to do this in the US, there may not be any laws oblige against this in separate countries because of the different culture there that allows business corruption much(prenominal) as transplant as a daily business practice.Thus, ethically, this is wrong on a frequent basis and it is also sexual relation in hurt of wrong or right or ethical or not depending on the country and the clean-living base that they argon using as et hics argon based upon morals. Thus, in the US, it is not all legal or ethical to take part in corrupt foreign business transactions but it may be necessary in tack to compete in business in certain move of the world as that is the way that they do business. References Japanese Etiquette and morality in Business / Edition 6 by Boye Lafayette De Mente world-wide Business virtue

Saturday, June 22, 2019

Separation of Classes on Gender Basis Research Paper

Separation of Classes on Gender Basis - Research Paper ExampleThis rise Separation of Classes on Gender Basis aims to analyze the pros and cons of the separate classes for boys and girls. Supporters of the movement argue that the learning ability of boys and girls are different. The recent research has clearly indicated infixed differences in how male and female understand and learn their lessons at class and society at large. It is very necessary to impart education to the pupil base on the gender, as their understanding ability differs with respect to their sex. When the necessity of single sex education is debated it includes the issues of socio-economic, political, civil rights and legal concerns which are very important in terms of practical perspective. Leonardo Sax (2005) states in his book that the behavior of girls and boys when they are together reflects the larger society to which they belong. His opinions that the girls are most expressive in a single sex school than i n a co-ed school. Because of less or no pressure they tend to react instantly and actively in a single sex school. In a coed school the boys came forward with an attitude to put up and spoke on any precondition topic with ease, while the girls were forced to talk a very few words.He even noticed a considerable change in the heroism of the single sex school and co-ed students. The teacher enthusiastically praised, corrected, helped, and criticized the boldly spoken boys who could speak voraciously on any topic given and with the girls who were bats spoken with less courage he nodded his head and would hardly help them overcome their mistakes. But the girls in the single sex school could easily dare to speak on any given topic without pressure, where the teacher could correct the students and also inculcate new teaching techniques based on the gender for kick downstairs understanding. This in turn would help the students to enhance their learning capabilities. The doctrine of Sing le Sex Public Education (SSPE) is a good example of the above. SSPE informs teachers in male classrooms to move constantly in the classroom with a pitch of loud voice, even to the point of shouting. But the teachers in the female classes are asked to be still and use a soothing tone to talk to the pupil. This was introduced as the young males thrive on competition and confrontation, while the young females expect allot and co-operation in a learning environment. This was the ideology of SSPE (Datnow and Lea, 2002). Few researches have pointed that the single sex schools can foster each gender to excel in

Thursday, June 20, 2019

Should the right to have an abortion remain solely with the mother Essay

Should the right to have an abortion remain solely with the capture - Essay eccentricWhen viewed from opposite perspective, it is clear that in certain situations, abortion becomes necessary to maintain the physical or mental health of the woman, whose circumstances are non well-situated for giving birth to a electric razor.Since the origination of humans in the form of men and women, stereotypical and realistic views about the role and rights of the women are always existence discussed. In most of the cultures, women are being treated as the less-dominant sex, and stereotyped as individuals, whose only purpose in life is getting married and delivering children. Although, women are trying to nullify these views and are still fighting for their rights and freedom, there have been only modest successes. Womens rights relating to the activity of abortion is a crucial at the same a controversial one(a). Although, there is opposition from various sections, regarding womens choices in relation to abortion, the basic fact is the decision to have a child or not, should entirely lie with the woman. Also, in certain situations, abortion becomes necessary to maintain the physical or mental health of the woman, whose circumstances are not favourable for giving birth to a child. So, this paper taking legal and political perspective will discuss why the woman or mother should only have the right to abortion.Abortion is the process of destruction or termination of the foetus, when it is in the mothers womb, either spontaneously or by induction within 20 weeks of pregnancy. According to the standards of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, a woman can obtain an abortion up to 24 weeks of pregnancy, if two doctors agree that it would establish less damage to her physical or mental health than continuing the pregnancy. (rcog.org.uk, 2004). Abortion is of two types - Spontaneous abortion and induced abortion. Spontaneous abortion is the one that occurs

Wednesday, June 19, 2019

Criminal and Civil Litigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal and genteel Litigation - Essay ExampleThe scenario of cheer and Powell falls under the Anti-Trust laws. The Civil Litigation Process has the following stages a) Stages of Civil Litigation i) Issuing the Statement of Claim the litigation process always starts with issuing a statement setting out facts and legal grounds backup the Plaintiffs claim against the defendant (The legal philosophy Society, 2012). ii) Replying to the statement of defense the moment the Defense has been submitted to the Plaintiff, the Plaintiff has a chance to reply the statement of defense. iii) swearing of Documents this process is always after all parties view as received their claims for instance at this stage the parties will prepare, swear and serve their Affidavit of Document (Heydary Hamilton PC, 2011). This is a sworn document containing all the documents that each party has in possession and are relevant for the litigation process amongst the parties. In the case of Foster where we hav e a disputed contract, the documents required are a copy of the contract, and letters between the parties must and should be included in the Affidavit of Documents (The Law Society, 2012). ... or Discovery in case the parties are unable to clear their differences at the mediation meeting, the lawyers of the Plaintiff get an opportunity to ask defendants questions under swearing and vice-versa (Heydary Hamilton PC, 2011). vi) Undertakings and Motions before trial during the examination for discovery stage, some information especially of the party answering questions may not be readily available. Given this situation, parties sack up provide answers and copies of the missing documents following the discovery (Heydary Hamilton PC, 2011). On agreement to do this, the parties are given an undertaking. However, if a party refuses to comply with the undertaking he is presumable to face punishment of a Judge or Master. vii) Trial Scheduling Court after all refusals and undertakings have been dealt with, the litigants will attend in motility of a Judge to get a trial date. With regard to the simplicity or complexity and length of trial, will determine how fast the litigants can have their matters resolved (Heydary Hamilton PC, 2011). viii) Settlement Conference this occurs before trial and is always before the Judge. Normally, the settlement conference takes place after all parties have agreed to go to trial and hence they will be possessing documents that they will be relying on together with reports from their respective experts (Heydary Hamilton PC, 2011). ix) Trial in many cases, litigation cases do not reach the trial stage as it is expensive and hence majority of litigation disputes are resolved early enough. However, if the disputes are not resolved early, therefore the trial is inevitable (Heydary Hamilton PC, 2011). The trial stage is the last step in litigation. b) i) Application made in case of the missing agreement The dispute between Foster and Powell , if Foster

Tuesday, June 18, 2019

Management of change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Management of change - Essay ExampleIn addition, the experience and lead skills of the change agent are also critical in the change focal point process. The strategy used should also relate to the type of change indispensable in an organisation, for instance, a change can be immediate or take a gradual depending on the situation (Atkinson, 2014). This paper explores the approaches to change management that Mark can use to solve the problems at NFW Corporation.Mark has been assigned a new constituent as the HRD at NFW Corporation, a retail society that run fashion stores in UK. As the new HRD, Mark is faced with key issues that need to be resolved to achieve success in the slaying of new changes. While Mark has his plan for implementing changes at NFW Corporation, he lacks the necessary experience to carry out the new mandate. Some of the key issues that Mark has set include the need to downsize workers to cut costs and improve the quality. In addition, Mark also has issues with the organisational culture that may affect the implementation of new changes (Molineux, 2013).The new role that Mark has been assigned at NFW Corporation requires consultation with the key stakeholders in identifying the key issues prior to implementing his new plans. Essentially, consulting the key stakeholders will provide Mark with an brainstorm regarding the organisational culture of NFW Corporation. In addition, Mark will have an idea regarding the areas that need change immediately and those that can be done gradually. Because Mark lacks experience regarding HRD work, it is meaning(a) to for him to collaborate with the long serving and experienced employees to understand the dynamics related to human resource development. Consequently, Mark will be in a fall in position when developing his strategy for change at NFW Corporation. The key issues that Mark has identified require an appropriate approach that can solve the identified problems. In this case, a change management approach such as Kotters eight

Monday, June 17, 2019

MKT301 MOD 3 CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MKT301 MOD 3 CA - Essay ExampleBased on the fact that, promotion is an necessity in the development of a marketing plan, this consists of a marketing mix. Market mix is a phenomenon developed by Jerome where he outlined the four classifications which ar positively correlated. In this mix, the success of any products depends on the four classifications that are promotion, product, place and price. Every element in this mix is equally important as the other thus there is a need to implement a promotion outline so to increase the sales of the product (Ferrell and Hartline 52).In this scenario, we claim common pepper spray and a holiday in beach resort as the product and black women aged between 18 and 30 days and gay women as the target market. In this paper, we will discuss the appropriate strategy the concerned firms can implement so as to increase sales at the outlined target market. In addition, this paper will compare and contrast the promotional discussed outlining similarit y and differences.About seventy percent of black women recline in areas which are considered to have high levels of insecurity therefore, they usually demand individualised security products thus offering pepper spray will be of great benefits. In the case of pepper spray, the most appropriate promotion mix would be to showcase the exclusiveness of pepper spray as the personal security product. Therefore in this case messaging or rather a slogan will be effective in reinforcing the benefit that pepper spray offers to the customers. The slogan should be designed such that it also helps the company in the process of developing an effective positioning strategy. Another possible strategy is through personal selling in this case, the promotion is conducted where the product is sold one to one. Through personal selling, the seller or the manufacture has a outlook to offer additional information to the customer or even to potential consumers of the product, thus

Sunday, June 16, 2019

Benefits of American Aid to AIDS Patients in Third World Countries in Essay

Benefits of American Aid to AIDS Patients in Third World Countries in Africa - try out ExampleThis essay focuses on the health aid that the African developing countries benefit from, especially with respect to human immunodeficiency virus/Aids. HIV/Aids is a pandemic due to the high number of people affected by the disease globally. The number of people who lose their lives due to HIV/Aids related complications is as well as high. This is the reason why the disease needs to be controlled. Although the disease has affected the whole creation since its discovery in 1981, it is serious in third world countries mostly in Africa. Most of the developed nations are giving aid to African nations to fight the HIV/Aids scourge. The united States of America has been on the caput in helping the African countries fight the disease. This paper aims to discuss the benefits of American aid for AIDS patients in third world countries that are mostly in Africa. In 2001, Bill Clinton confirmed the commitment that he had towards the availability of HIV/AIDS drugs. These negotiations, led to the reduction in prices of drugs for Africa and other poor regions. Importing policies from the United States were analyzed to ensure that most African countries could introduce the drugs needed. In conclusion, the researcher states that HIV/AIDS is one of the issues that make Africa as a continent stave behind in development. However, with the help that developing countries receive from the United States and other global organizations, the situation is better since there is hope for improvement in addressing HIV/Aids in the developing countries in Africa.

Saturday, June 15, 2019

AFA 201 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

AFA 201 - Essay ExampleEven worse, some philosophers and historians argue that not all regions and people have a history to consider. In this regard, African history has been deemed to be relatively new especially after obscure remarks were made by some philosophers.From the onset of the nineteenth century, a German philosopher gave a seminar in which he declared that Africa is not a historical part of the world. He emphasized that it had no development or movement to exhibit to the suspension of the world. A hundred years later, a Harvard professor Hugh Trevor-Roper shared Hegels sentiments and declared that the only history that Africa can share is Europeans in Africa. He further stated that the rest is largely darkness and that darkness is not a history subject. Such sentiments indicate a racist worldview and high ignorance of African achievements. However, also racism, statements refuting that Africa holds a history are founded on crucial conception of historical sources that are valid. It was believed that development towards progress and changes in societies was to be written at the peculiar(prenominal) time of occurrence.This insistence on written materials depicted Africas past invisible to some historians and to the wider public. Most of the African societies had not developed writing systems earlier to the nineteenth ant twentieth century (Taiwo 118). This reveals that there was a paucity of documented records that could be used by historians in the study of Africas history. The few documented details stemmed from observers from outside such as European travelers and merchants. Due to this inconsistency, it was widely held that there was no history in Africa. It was however discovered much later that indeed Africa had a rich past confined to Africas colonial history. After all, the missionaries, businessmen, and European colonial administrators kept detailed accounts of observations and activities on the continent of Africa (Oladale 319).

Friday, June 14, 2019

Cancer Registry Annual Report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cancer Registry Annual Report - Coursework Exampleology programme will move, it evaluates the protocols and the quality of care available using both external and internal sources of info and puts forward recommendations that could help to bring about improvements to meet the required regulatory standards.The total number of patients treated for crabby person this year was 590, of which 268 were male and 249 were female. Lung and breast cancer reported the highest incidence of cancer among the males the highest incidences were of lung and colon cancer, while among the females, the highest incidences were of breast and cervical cancer. The largest number of all cancer types occurs betwixt the ages of 41 to 60, followed by the ages 61 to 75. During the diagnosis stage, 262 cancer cases were localized, while 230 were regional. In most instances, i.e., 49 cases, diagnosis was do by bronchoscopy, while 22 were made by percutaneous biopsy. There has been a steady rise in the number of lung cancer cases from 2001 to 2005, with the steepest rise occurring between 2003-4. The most common age when a lung cancer diagnosis has been made is between the ages of 65 to 74.The Oncology standards at this hospital are quite high, because the primary purpose of the Oncology Committee is to direct and evaluate the Oncology program and to suggest recommendations for improvement. The organization has received commendation by the Commission on Cancer, which is also the reason why it has received funding. The hospital specializes in lung cancer, but unhomogeneous other forms of cancer are also treated. Mr. Johannson, the CEO has set act of quality as one of the most important organizational goals, which has led to the achievement of awards and accreditation for the hospital. The head of the Oncology program is Nancy Turlick and she has been the prime mover behind implementing these quality of care standards and based upon the results the hospital has achieved, the standards of c are at the hospital have been revised.Hospital data is

Thursday, June 13, 2019

The Effects of Mass Media on Society Research Paper

The Effects of Mass Media on Society - Research composition ExampleOne of these is exposure games which are products of mans quest for excitement and entertainment.In this regard, this essay is written with the objective of determining the effects of characterization games on society. It would initially start on the origins of ikon games and rationale for playing video games. The discourse would also present the advantages and disadvantages of video games to find out their implications to the users and to society, as a whole.The exact date for the creation of video games could not be pinpointed due to its reference and interrelationships with people, games, companies and culture which actively influenced it. According to Herman, Horwitz, Kent & Miller (2009), video games started with Ralph Baers assignment of creating a television set incorporated with a game. They averred it would take another 18 years for his idea to become a reality, and by that season there would be other peo ple to share in the glory, like Willy Higinbotham, who designed an interactive tennis game played on an oscilloscope, and Steve Russell, who programmed a cardinal space game on a DEC PDP-1 mainframe computer. And then there was also Nolan Bushnell, who played that space game and dreamed of a epoch when fairground midways would be filled with games powered by computers. (Herman, Horwitz, Kent & Miller, 2009, par. 1)The golden age in video games was identified as spanning the years 1978 to 1981with the emergence of famous brands synonymous to video games such as Atari, Nintendo, Magnavox, Microvision and Intellivision, among others. (Herman, Horwitz, Kent & Miller, 2009, 3) The evolution continues until brands such as Sega, Game Boy Playstation and Xbox remain imprinted in the minds of millions of patronizers.But what exactly are video games? Allwords (2009) define video game as a style of game existing as and controlled by software, usually run by a

Wednesday, June 12, 2019

Hume Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hume - Essay ExampleHume wrote a book on religion known as the Dialogues concerning Natural Religion. Following is a piece from that literature an eternal inherent principle of order to the world In this piece of conversation Hume is arguing on the principle of religion and the political theory propagated by the phantasmal texts and other literature. He says that the religion has been propounded as the order to the world. The religious people always based their theory tp be the world of deity and Hume is questioning the same theory by making a sarcastic point with effect that all this is a theory in nature and nix else. The reality is something according to Hume. To this point Philo says that religion is the ultimate fair play in the universe and that those who do not follow religion and despise should be wedded a punishment so that they understand the importance of religion as well as believe in them. To this point Hume says that all this is propaganda by the religious organiza tions who try to turn people into believing the religion of their choice so as to include maximum number of people into this theme to make their political theory powerful, but in reality there is nothing like religion which exists. He goes on to say that there are other means to contact salvation and self-satisfaction in the world. He says that the human mind is strong enough to find the way on its own and does not need the bias of religion in its life. He says that through wisdom and knowledge of materialistic things around us we may be able to find the true causa for our survival. He believes in the origin of science and says that the only way to live a happy life is to follows the desires of the human mind rather than following what a religious text says. Following is the second quote in the essay The principles themselves and their manner of operation are totally unknown This is the second quote which shall be analysed in the essay. In this quote Hume says that those who cam e up with the idea of religion themselves do not know how the whole deal with the nature started in the first place. It is a mass agenda with political ambition which has driven the concept of religion in the way as it exists in the world as of today. Following is a quotation to explain the point in a better manner This I affirm, from the infirmities of human understanding, to be altogether incomprehensible and unknown to us. The essence of that commanding Mind, his attributes, the manner of his existence, the very nature of his duration these, and every particular which regards so divine a Being, are mysterious to men. Finite, imperfect, and blind creatures, we ought to humble ourselves in his disdainful presence and, conscious of our frailties, adore in silence his infinite perfections, which eye hath not seen, ear hath not heard, neither hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive. They are cover in a deep cloud from human curiosity Over here it is explained that Hume do es not think that humans are aware of the true witness with respect to the God and his origin, and whether or not he exists in the first place. Religion is an outcome of human curiosity, but according to Hume it is a very weak outcome of such curiosity. He argues on the point that the believers of religion do not want to go that extra mile in search of the truth and it their quest to attain truth and divinity

Tuesday, June 11, 2019

Week 6_ DQ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week 6_ DQ - Essay ExampleIt is considered to be approximately 500 times the 3G speed. In addition, it applies internet communications protocol to make the connection and communication reliable. The levels of data transfer between the two networks differ. While third generation network fuel support 144 kbps, the quaternary generation network do not have an exact rating save rather uses a series of standard depending on avail major power.In call of coverage the 3G network outdo the 4G network by far since it is only a small number of centers in big cities that have implemented the perspiration whereas the 3G use is almost global. The stumbling block that affects the spread of 4G is the need for creation of more cell site that will accommodate it (Agbiny 2009)One strength that 4G has over 3G is its ability to accommodate and support large files. Making a video phone call is possible with the aid of high speed. In addition, one can transfer a video which is of high quality from th e site such as YouTube and the download process will be uninterrupted. More so, one call also uploads large files directly via the 4G enabled phones with a lot of ease.Another difference is the frequency at which the two operates, while 4G runs at 1800 MHz and above 3G has the highest frequency of 900 mhz. this implies that 4G can operate on dual band since it has short range.If the two are operating on the same network, 4G has high speed of data transfer but when it comes to transferring of data through more than one media, 3G is averagely faster since it has a speed that is higher than 4G in some medium. Whereas many people go for 4G because of the misconceived idea that they are faster than 3G, it has a number of disadvantages since its application is still under taste. This is evident in the use of AT & T which is a 3G but provides a higher rate of data transfer than MetroPCS which is a 4G (Zheng2009PBX or private branch exchange is a telephone switching system that belongs t o a private

Monday, June 10, 2019

Summary and response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Summary and response - Essay Exampleof the 21st century depends directly on its young generations ability to make use of the knowledge that was presented to them in schools and other educational and training institutions. He remarked that not only scientific and technical, but also purely economic and business advancement of the U.S. are powerfully dependent on the new generations capacity for making rational and creative decisions. And for this end, the high-quality education, and the students resolve to attain it, is indispensable.I would note that Barack Obamas speech underscored the planned institutions policies aimed at boosting the youngsters resolve to follow through their school years without dropping out. The main concern that may have been discerned in the speech is that oer the youths contribution to the societys performance in such fields as the economy and science. Both fields are greatly affected by the current crisis therefore, it is natural that the President should draw attention to them in his

Sunday, June 9, 2019

Pollution in Lake Michigan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pollution in Lake Michigan - Research Paper suitThe researcher states that Wetlands present one of the greatest opportunities for conservation exercises, in a modern world faced by myriad environmental scares. Inland lakes over in the world are perhaps among the only environmental treasures that the world has to protect due to their diversity and environmental importance. In the United States, pollution continues to be the major threat to the integrity of such treasures, which have a chance to be protected with the right approaches. The importance of the Great lakes that hold about a fifth of the entire earths fresh water cannot be ignored. Pollution concerns of the Great Lakes have been raised by conservationists, inspiring conservation interventions to be designed and carried out. A highlight of the state of pollution, pollutants and conservation interventions at Lake Michigan is made in this discourse. Specific projects already on the ground by unhomogeneous interagency coopera tion plans include the elimination of basic pollution regulations implementation plans around the Lake with follow-ups by state and federal authorities being placed under strict watch. approximately of the individual conservation projects carried out by various agencies on the Lake include those by Michigan Dune Alliance and Michigan Farmland Protection among others. It is thusly concluded that the Lake Michigan Shorelands Alliance is powerful agency that facilitates the conservation input at the Lake, alongside other government and non-governmental agencies at the site.

Saturday, June 8, 2019

PROJECT ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

PROJECT ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS - Essay ExampleThis is must(prenominal) to have a clear mission and strategic plan, as well as annual objectives. These are the blueprints that validate and guide the ideas emerging from the process of heighten. expatiate and outward-looking research into the organisation and role in it, as well as larger economic, demographic, political and social trends, are also important. To bring about change via project counsel must be as thorough as a new business start up.Learning serves as a institution for a competitive project management. It is to make company capable of utilising and encouraging the development of knowledge and skills of all employees across all functional levels. The company must integrate the knowledge into each member of project management team, and encourage and reinforce all modes of learning, and align all of this learning with the companys strategic business directions. (Smith, 2005)The changes in the contemporary knowledge are in the background of many of the emerging challenges in project management, human resource and employee relationship in organisations. The practices of project management in global firms have their own value and status to gain knowledge for their advantage. The speed and quality in addressing the needs of learning is deciding the winners of tomorrow. Hence, winner of a project is now depending on the ways its project management team practices, gain and responds towards available knowledge.However to be effective player in this new environment organisations have to be more flexible dynamic and to create an efficient project environment. They need to master a wide strain of skills, and the strategy of success should move around the interdependent layers of organisational capabilities which will reinforce each other across all the businesses, functions and markets. The secrecy behind such success of a project implies in developing the people who can act from

Friday, June 7, 2019

George W. Bush and Darth Vader Essay Example for Free

George W. pubic hair and Darth Vader EssayMore often than not when examine two characters, whether one be real and the other fabricated, we come up with both similarities and differences between them. Seldom however do these similarities and differences between a fictional character and a person from the real world become so glaring that such comparison consequentially provide a substantial realization. unitary of such seldom case is the comparison of George W. supply and Darth Vader. This paper bequeath venture on comparing both characters and at the end provide a realization of such comparison. The two mentioned personalities need no introduction hearing these names allow immediately give us an image of them in our heads. George W. bush is the current president of the United States. Darth Vader on the other hand is the popular character in the Star Wars movies. On first instance it may attend that a comparison between these two personalities is absurd. This paper howeve r entrust show us that such comparison is not without realization. It is submitted that on r be occasion seemingly trivial things such as comparison of Bush and Vader can in feature provide us with a realization far bring out than any other concept we construct.To outline this paper will proceed on first stressing the similarities of both characters, then proceed with its differences and eventually state the realizations do through the conclusion Their Similarities Leaders The most obvious similarity between Vader and Bush is that they argon both leaders. Leaders in their own respect Bush lead a nation and Vader leads an army. More worth noting in this similarity is not alone the occurrence that both are leaders but the fact that both digest the same centering of booster cable. Vader and Bush exercise an attitude of strength in leadership that they do not think of casualties they however have the end in mind.Like the war in Iraq started by George W. Bush he was fearless in proceeding with such war even if he knew what it would cost. His ratings of popularity went down and the economy of his nation went down with it. Whenever one comes to war inevitably lives are put on the line. Bush was not hesitant in picnic young military soldiers lives on the line in order for him to chance on his goal and win his war on Iraq. The same ideology is shared by Darth Vader. Darth Vader always has a goal or a mission to accomplish. The ruthless use of his army to achieve his directives are clearly gleaned inside his personality.In this type of leading we find the similarity between George W. Bush and Darth Vader. They both seem to share the ideology that making sacrifices in order to achieve a goal is necessary. They also have utter disregard for the cost and the consequences as long as they achieve this goal this is their way of leading. This is the kind of leading we see in the Star Wars Movies by Darth Vader and the kind of leading we see in America by George W. Bush. It is therefore submitted that because they have the same kind of ideology of leadership the result of their leadership hypothetically are the same.The end of Darth Vader has already been seen this type of leadership resulted in failure. The present administration of Bush has not barely ended but the seeming similarity of leadership ideology with Darth Vader can provide us with a reasonable conclusion that the administration of Bush will end in failure. The Saga Journal as proof of Vaders leadership provides George Lucas has succeeded in creating one of the greatest cautionary tales for the aspiring leader in his portrait of Darth Vaders devastating reign of terror.Darth Vader embodies traits that make most contemporary leadership scholars cringe. (Cited in Michelle Drum, The Saga Journal) Perceived as Villains Another similarity between these two personalities is that legion(predicate) of us perceive them as baddies. Villains in their own chasten majority of the people s ee both George W. Bush and Darth Vader as villains. Darth Vader very much bid George W. Bush were not always perceived as Villains. They were first considered as heroes. George W. Bush could not have been president if the people did not think of him as a hero.He won the election two times. This is only proof that beforehand George W. Bush was perceived as a villain he was considered as a hero. The same is authentic for Darth Vader. Darth Vader was not immediately Darth Vader before his transition to such character. He was the young and promising Anakin Skywalker his views were moral and he had a trustworthy guts of justice. This however changed because of the circumstances as provided in the movie. This only means that sometimes the famous quote in the batman movie might be true sometimes we see ourselves a hero long enough to become the villain.This is the similar circumstance of both Bush and Vader. In one of the articles of the National intelligence operation it provided th e perception of Bush being a villain as it said According to an Associated Press-AOL News poll, professorship Bush is both the number one villain and the number one hero of 2006. (cited in Two Sided Coin for Bush Villain and Hero By Cathy Gill) Powerful The final similarity this paper will provide from all the similarities of these two characters is their power. There is no doubt that both George W. Bush and Darth Vader are very much powerful in every sense of the word.George W. Bush being the President of the United States of America and Darth Vader being the leader of the imperial army. Vader being perceived as powerful in an article in USA Today as it said Not only is Vader powerful, hes sexy, says David Prowse, who appears as Vader in the first three films and has made thousands of appearances as Vader in costume. (Cited in existent Life into Vader by Mike Snider) Their Differences Their Rise to Power Though it is granted that both George Bush and Darth Vader are powerful th ey however differ in the modality of their rise to power.Darth Vader used pure brute force in order to be the leader of the imperial army. He had to lean to the dark side in order to achieve this goal. George Bush on the other hand rose into power through the mandate of the American people. Bush rose into power because of his will and the will of the people. Darth Vader on the other hand had to search and conquer this power by himself. This difference in their rise of power gives us an insight on how they held this power. Darth Vader could hold his power until he wished to abandon it. Bush on the other hand is bound by the limits of mandate given to him.He can only have the power of being a chief executive according to the period of time given to him. This gives us an insight on why Bush tries his best to stay in power trance Vader needlessly and calmly enjoys his power. This is because Vaders power is not bound by any limits. Vader Quick on His Feet, Bush Not so Much Darth Vader even as a youngster known to be Anakin Skywalker has always been quick on his feet. His reflexes during his time were comparable to(predicate) to no one. Bush on the other hand has admitted that he might not be as quick on his feet than most people.This is reflected on the way Darth Vader and President Bush makes decisions. Darth Vader is ruthless and quick on making decisions. President Bush has apparently a considerable amount of thinking time before he can make a decision. This spells a very diametrical effect of their leadership. Darth Vader being quick on his feet can easily command his subordinates and they catch him without question. The delay on the decision making however of President Bush spells a different story because of such his subordinates may not follow him right away and might even question his decisions.Bush Democracy, Vader Dictatorship The most important difference between these two personalities however lie in the fact that Bush leads through a democratic c onstruction while Vader in every sense of the word is a dictator. This brings us to the question which kind of structure is more effective is it the democratic structure or the dictatorship? Dictatorship brings obedience, order and an unquestionable authority. Democracy however gives freedom for every individual. It is submitted that both structures have their advantages and disadvantages.It is further submitted however that ruling a democratic structure like the task of President Bush is much more difficult than ruling in a dictatorship like Darth Vader. In an article in the LA Times President Bush advocated this democracy as the article said President Bush made good Thursday on his inaugural vow to push for democracy around the world. (Cited in Bush Democracy Vows May pee Time to Bear Fruit by Sonni Efron) Conclusion The similarities and the differences between the two personalities having been discussed we now proceed to the realizations this paper has to offer.George Bush and Darth Vader are two very different personalities. In fact one lives in the real world while one finds existence in a fictional movie. They are both leaders, they are both powerful and they are both perceived by many as leaders. On the other hand they differ on their rise to power, rapidness in decisions and the structure where they lead. The most important thing we have to realize out of this comparison is the simple fact that Darth Vaders story has already been told while George Bushs story is still unraveling.This only means that we can learn from what happened to Darth Vader and necessarily imbue it with the unraveling of the story of George Bush. This will give us a reasonable conclusion on how George Bushs story will end. The relevance of knowing how George Bushs story will end is that if we are aware of the end then we can prepare for this end that we foresee. Works Cited Michelle Drum, The Saga Journal Two Sided Coin for Bush Villain and Hero By Cathy Gill, celestial latitu de 29, 2006 Breathing Life into Vader by Mike Snider, April 22, 2005 Bush Democracy Vows May Take Time to Bear Fruit by Sonni Efron, February 25, 2005

Thursday, June 6, 2019

The Project DB Essay Example for Free

The Project DB EssayProject Planning entails a lot of complexities most especially when the go for at hand is sooner complicated and limited in nature particularly in time constraints. Nevertheless, there are specific tools designed to facilitate manageable and easy project planning possible. Such tools may be classified according to the nature of the project handled. For small to medium sized projects, tools such as Gantt Charts, Critical pass Analysis, Program Evaluation Technique (PERT), and Planning Cycle may be used. While planning large projects may employ the use of the tools such as Planning Management Methodologies, Stakeholder Analysis, and Stakeholder Management. Among these, the commonly used are the Gantt Charts, Critical Path Analysis, and PERT. All these three requires Work Breakdown Structure.Gantt chart (designed by Henry Gantt) is precise useful in the sense that it is much easier to construct and understand. The activity in relationship to time is immediat ely obvious unlike the other tools. Its value is slowly recognized as it is less complex to look at.While Critical Path Analysis or CPM and PERT are both powerful tools, the firstly one identifies which tasks should be done on time to complete the project on time, at the same time, identifies which tasks can afford to have delay in time still completing the project on time.Thus, CPM identifies the shortest possible time to complete the project, the resources needed, and the most efficient way of shortening the time. PERT is a slight change on CPM. It makes use of quite skeptical view of time for each project stage. The optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely time is indeed helpful to prevent biases from unrealistically short time-scales assumptions.Hence, in my own point of view, I personally prefer to use CPM since it has a lot of advantages over the others considering that it can present the early and slowly completion of the project with respect to the time allotted to comp lete the project.Works Cited PageProject Planning Management Tools. 15 July 2008. Mind Tools Affiliate Program.03 Aug. 2008. http//www.mindtools.com/critpath.html

Wednesday, June 5, 2019

Pip and Magwitch Essay Example for Free

finish up and Magwitch EssayThroughout the novel Great Expectations the lector will find that Magwitch plays a significant role to the plot of story. Not only does Dickens use Magwitch to form the main foundation of the story he similarly uses the character to convey Dickenss view on important themes such as crime, punishment, social status and betrayal. In this presentation I will explore the ways in which Magwitch is presented and talk to the highest degree and his significance in the novel. We are first introduced to Magwitch in chapter one. The reader becomes familiar with the character Pip we learn he is a child who is alone in the graveyard and is mourning over the death of his family. The reader knows that not only would this upset Pip, it could make him feel shake up because as a child you are dependant on your family members to keep you safe. He makes it sound as if Pip was recalling what it felt like to be a child, like when we get the impression that he could su ck up been exaggerating about wilderness and so on before him. An image is described, such as the low heavy(a) line beyond and this then is revealed as what it actually is the river.This gives the effect that not only Pip is confused and lost by his surroundings but also and therefore scared and intimidated by them. Dickens delivers Pips emotions cleverly because there is no direct reference to how he is feeling at first. This is very better building up to the shock of first meeting Magwitch. The writer uses direct speech for his first words, which come out suddenly, at no particular get-go point and with impression that they are loud He says Hold your noise. which sounds at first so abrupt it could be almost like he is move to save Pip, that he fears for Pip too.We then read on to see how Magwitch is presented physically. He is wet and muddy, and is described as creation stung by nettles, so he obviously does not look after himself properly. He is shivering and limping, so he may be unwell as well as cold. His shoes are broken and he has no hat or proper clothes which shows he cannot afford them. He has a very folksy way of speaking, and is eager to see the scrap of food he finds on Pip, so this also shows that he is poor and working class. This could be because, or the results of being a criminal. The first chapter is important we now know exactly what Magwitch looks like and how he is presented.As mentioned in the introduction, Magwitch is significant in the plot. The fact that he appears in the very first chapter makes us assume he is a main character, even though he does not reappear until later in the accommodate when the reader either has completely forgotten about him or thinks it is very unlikely that he will appear again with the current story line, specially as at the end of chapter three it says the last I ever heard of him. When he does make his unexpected reappearance in Chapter thirty-nine, he reveals newsworthiness that causes him to become the centre of almost every aspect of the story line.By the end of Chapter fifty-four and when mysteries are revealed and loose ends tied we come to realise that Magwitch is in some way connected to every character. Pip, obviously because of the money he gives that cause him to become wealthy and middle-class. His lost past with Molly and Estella, his daughter, who was adopted by Miss Haversham. as well as he is connected to Joe because it was his whittles and file he used to set him free. Perhaps he is connected to Mrs Joe because he murdered her. When Magwitch dies during chapter fifty-six, it impacts the plot and the characters, especially Pip.Magwitch influences other characters, especially Pip and sometimes they influence him too. Had it not been for Magwitch the way people behaved may have been very different We do not know much about Pip before he meets Magwitch, but afterwards we find him to be cautious, for example how nervous he was when he meets Miss Haversham. T his could have been a perdurable effect from his fears upon first meeting Magwitch. Pip may have been so shocked by the way that the poor lived that he becomes even more set(p) to become a gentleman. It gave him an insight to the lives of the very poor.In chapter three Magwitch seems to wait all night just for the food Pip has brought him. Pip may have recognised his determination and perhaps used this will when he is seeking Estella as his wife later during the book. Magwitch may have been so grateful towards Pip that it made him feel like he should try and become a better person. Both Pip and Magwitch taught each other that you should not always be judgmental. For Pip, it was that he was at first very afraid of Magwitch and thought he was going to be scary. Later on he realises that he only was behaving in a threatening way because he was hungry and desperate for food.

Tuesday, June 4, 2019

Estimation of Tramadol Hydrochloride and Diclofenac Sodium

Estimation of Tramadol Hydrochloride and Diclofenac Sodium differential Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Tramadol Hydrochloride and Diclofenac Sodium in Pharmaceutical Dosage FormPekamwar S. S., Kalyankar T. M, Lokhande M. V.ABSTRACTPurpose Tramadol is opioid anal retrieveic and diclofenac is NSAID and argon utilise in severe to leave pain management. Combination of Tramadol and Diclofenac drugs were approved by FDA to market in India with a dose of 50 mg for TRA and 75 mg DIC separately. Method The employed regularity is based on first order derived spectrophotometry. Wavelengths 278.7 nm and 281.7 nm were selected for the estimation of the Tramadol and Diclofenac respectively by taking the first order derivative spectra. The concentrations of both drugs were determined by proposed method. The results of analysis have been authorise statistically and by recovery studies as per ICH guidelines. Result Both the drugs obey Beers law in the concentration range of 5-30 g mL-1 and 5-45 g mL-1 with regression 0.9997 and 0.9990, intercept- 0.0008 and 0.0062 and slope- 0.004 and 0.0316 for TRA and DIC respectively. The accuracy and reproducibility results are constraining to coulomb% with 2% RSD. Conclusion A simple, accurate, precise, sensitive and economical procedures for simultaneous estimation of Tramadol and Diclofenac in oral contraceptive pill loony toons form have been developed mainstay words Tramadol, Diclofenac, First order derivative spectrophotometry, ICH guidelines, Validation, FDAIntroductionTramadol Hydrochloride (TRA) is a synthetic 4-phenylpiperidine analogue of codeine. chemically it is cis -2-(dimethylamino) methyl-1-(3 methoxyphenyl) cyclohexanol hydrochloride (Figure-1), is a centrally acting opioid analgesic, indicated in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. TRA is utilize to treat postoperative (dental, cancer etc.) pain, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, restless legs syndrome, motor neuron disease and fibromyalgia and as an adjuvant to NSAID therapy 1-8.Chemically Diclofenac Sodium (DIC) is 2-2-(2, 6- dichlorophenyl) amino phenyl acetic acid (Figure -2), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug. DIC gives anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic action thought the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX). DIC is used in acute to chronic treatment of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis 9-19.Tramadol (50 mg) and Diclofenac (75 mg) combining, resulting central and peripheral analgesia a balanced analgesia used in wider spectrum of pain management. In the books survey it was found that various analytical methods involving spectrophotometry 1-4, HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography) 5-7, stability-indicating RP-HPLC (Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography) 8, and GC/MS (Gas chromatography- mass spectrophotometry) 7 have been report for TRA in single form and in combination with other drugs. Several ana lytical methods have been reported for DIC in single form and in combination with other drugs including spectrophotometry 9-12, HPLC 13-16, RP-HPLC 17,18, and LC-MS (Liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry) 19.Extensive literature survey reveals that derivative spectrophotometric method is yet not reported for simultaneous determination of TRA and DIC in tablet dosage form. In the present work an attempt is being made to develop simple, precise, accurate and reproducible first-order derivative UV- spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of TRA and DIC in combined dosage form.Materials and MethodsApparatus and InstrumentsThe instrument used in the present study was UV- spectrophotometer UV-1800 (Shimadzu, Japan) with spectral bandwidth of 2 nm and 10 mm a matched quartz cell was used. every last(predicate) weighing was done on Digital balance (Anamed).Chemicals and ReagentsAnalytically pure drug sample of TRA and DIC was kindly provided by Supriya Lifescience Ltd. (Mumbai, India) and J.B. Chemicals Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Gujarat, India) respectively. The pharmaceutical dosage form used in this study was unavailable in market but has been approved by the FDA to market in India. So this bilayer (Core) tablets manufactured in develop of Pharmacy, S.R.T.M. University, Nanded, tagged to contain 50 mg of TRA and 75 mg of DIC. All chemicals (AR grade) were purchased from RANKEM, Delhi, India.Preparation of step stock solutionsAccurately weighed 10 mg of TRA and DIC transferred to two separate 100 mL volumetric flasks. Added sufficient methanol and sonicated for 5 min. and volume was made upto 100 mL with methanol. 1 mL of the stock solution was further reduce to 10 mL with methanol to get a working standard solution of concentration 10 g mL-1 of both TRA and DIC and scanned in the wavelength range of 200-400 nm.First-Order Derivative Spectroscopic Method 20, 21Working standard solution of concentration 10 g mL-1 of both TRA and DIC were scanned in spectrum mode between 400-200 nm victimisation methanol as a blank. Then zero order spectrums of both the drugs were transformed mathematically into their individual first order derivative spectrum and first derivative overlain of both the drugs were obtained in 400-200 nm which is shown in figure 3, figure 4 and figure 5.It was observed that wavelengths selected for quantification of both the drugs were 281.7 nm for TRA and 271.7 nm for DIC in such a way that at zero crossing of one drug another drug shows substantial absorbance (Zero crossing method). Therefore these two wavelengths were employed for the estimation of TRA and DIC without every interference. The calibration curves were plotted at these two wavelengths.Preparation of Sample Stock SolutionContents of twenty tablets were weighed accurately and powdered. Powder equivalent to 50 mg of TRA and 75 mg of DIC was weighed and dissolved in 50 mL of methanol with the aid of ultrasonication for 5 min. The solution was filt ered through Whatman filter paper no. 41 to a 100 mL volumetric flask. Filter paper was washed with methanol, adding washings to the volumetric flask and volume was made up to the mark with methanol to get sample stock solution which was further diluted with methanol to get final concentration of solution (TRA 10 g mL-1 and DIC 15 g mL-1 ) in the linearity range.Results and DiscussionsLinearity and rangeA standard stock solution was prepared for both TRA and DIC they were serially diluted to yield six for TRA and nine for DIC standard solutions. For UV spectrophotometric method, linearity was obtained in concentration range of 5-30 g mL-1 and 5-45 g mL-1 with regression 0.9997 and 0.9990, intercept- 0.0008 and 0.0062 and slope 0.004 and 0.0316 for TRA and DIC respectively. The results are depicted in table1.Accuracy and precisionTo observe the accuracy of the proposed methods, recovery studies were carried out by standard addition method at three different levels (80%, 100% and 120 %) as per ICH guidelines. Known fall of pure TRA and DIC were added in preanalyzed powder of tablet formulation and analysis was carried out by proposed method for recovery at each level and % recovery, SD, % RSD was calculated. Results of recovery studies are shown in Table 2. The accuracy and reproducibility is evident from the data as results are close to 100 % and the value of standard deviation and % R.S.D. were found to be SpecificityThe proposed method was found to be specific as there is no interference from other excipients.Results of analysis of tablet formulationAnalysis of formulated tablet was carried out and the amounts recovered were expressed as percentage amount of tablet claim. The percentage recovery for TRA is 100.521.486 and DIC is 99.570.555 respectively. The proposed methods was evaluated by the assay (n = 6) of formulated tablets containing TRA and DIC. The results of assay are presented in Table 3.LOD and LOQLOD was found to be 0.0686 g mL-1and 0.155 g mL-1 for TRA and DIC respectively. LOQ was found to be 0.2081 g mL-1 and 0.4719 g mL-1 for TRA and DIC respectively. The results of LOD and LOQ are shown in table 4.ConclusionThe first-order derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed for simultaneous determination of TRA and DIC in combined dosage form. The developed and validated first order derivative spectrophotometric method is simple, economic, accurate and reproducible. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines in terms of linearity, specificity, accuracy, precision, limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ). The proposed validated method can be utilized for routine analysis and quality control assay of TRA and DIC in combined dosage form.AcknowledgmentsThe authors are very thankful to Supriya Lifescience Ltd., Mumbai and J.B. Chemicals Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gujarat, India for providing Tramadol Hydrochloride and Diclofenac sodium respectively as gift samples of pure drugs. Authors are also ve ry thankful to School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India for providing all the necessary facilities to complete research work very successfully.Conflict of interestThe authors report no conflicts of interest.